Asymptotics Practice
Make sure to review Asymptotic Analysis Basics before proceeding with these problems.
Introduction
Asymptotics is a very intuition-based concept that often doesn't have a set algorithm for computing. The best way to get good at analyzing programs is to practice!
With that said, here are some problems of increasing difficulty for you to enjoy 😊
Loops
What runtime does this function have?
void throwHalfOfMyItems(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i += 1) {
if (i % 2 == 0)
throwItem(n);
}
}
What runtime does this function have?
void lootShulkerBoxes(int n) {
for (int box = n; box > 0; box -= 1) {
for (int stack = 0; stack < n; stack += 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i += 1) {
lootItem(i * stack * box);
}
}
}
}
I've tweaked the previous problem a little 😁 Try to spot the difference and see if it changes the runtime at all!
void lootShulkerBoxes(int n, int stacksToLoot) {
for (int box = n; box > 0; box -= 1) {
for (int stack = stacksToLoot; stack > 0; stack -= 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i += 1) {
lootItem(i * stack * box);
}
}
}
}
Recursion
The following two problems are inspired by this worksheet.
TREEEEEEEEE recursion 🌳🌲🌴
void plantJungleSaplings(int n) {
if (n > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) {
plantJungleSaplings(n - 1);
}
}
}
Let's replace the 4 in the previous problem with n and see what insanity ensues.
void plantCrazySaplings(int n) {
if (n > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i += 1) { // This line changed
plantCrazySaplings(n - 1);
}
}
}
Best and Worst Case Runtimes
Here's a case where the best case and worst case runtimes are different. Can you figure out what they are? (Let n = items.length
).
Item[] hopperSort(Item[] items) {
int n = arr.length;
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
int key = items[i];
int j = i - 1;
while (j >= 0 && items[j].compareTo(key) > 0) {
items[j + 1] = items[j];
j = j - 1;
}
items[j + 1] = key;
}
}
Here's a mutual recursion problem! What are the best and worst cases for explodeTNT(n)
? What are their runtimes?
void explodeTNT(int n) {
if (n % 2 == 0) {
digDirts(n - 1, true);
digDirts(n - 2, false);
} else {
digDirts(n / 2, true);
}
}
void digDirts(int n, boolean isTNT) {
if (isTNT) {
explodeTNT(n / 2);
}
removeDirt(); // not implemented, assume O(1) runtime
}
Challenge Problems
These problems are quite difficult. Don't be concerned if you don't feel confident in solving them (I certainly don't).
A huge disaster :ooo
//initially start is 0, end is arr.length.
public int PNH(char[] arr, int start, int end) {
if (end <= start) {
return 1;
}
int counter = 0;
int result = 0;
for (int i = start; i < end; i += 1) {
if (arr[i] == 'a') {
counter += 1;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < counter; i += 1) {
result += PNH(arr, start + 1, end);
}
int mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
return PNH(arr, start, mid) + PNH(arr, mid + 1, end);
}
Congrats for making it this far! By now you should be an expert in asymptotic analysis :P Here's one last problem:
//initially start is 0, end is arr.length.
public int lastOne(char[] arr, int start, int end) {
if (end <= start) {
return 1;
}
else if (arr[start] <= arr[end]) {
return lastOne(arr, start + 1, end - 1);
} else {
int temp = arr[start];
arr[start] = arr[end];
arr[end] = temp;
return lastOne(arr, start + 1, end)
+ lastOne(arr, start, end - 1)
+ lastOne(arr, start + 1, end - 1);
}
}
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